The Ghost of King Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Coursework

The nicety of King small town Many Shakespeare work outs contain subtletys, mayhap most notably and most disturbingly in Macbeth and hamlet. The ghost in Hamlet is the apparition of prince Hamlets scram, the dead King Hamlet. However, up until the time when the ghost for the first time appears to Hamlet, interrupting his speech and thoughts, it appears Hamlet is unaware that his father was murdered. As the ghost intones, I am thy fathers spirit, / Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, / And for the day restrict to fast in fires, / Till the pestilential crimes done in my days of nature / Are burnt and purged a personal manner (Shakespeare I.v.9-13). While more people in Shakespeares audience were inclined to believe in the supernatural and fantastic, it is likely the appearance of the slain King still has quite an impact on modern audiences. This is because the ghost of King Hamlet tells his son he was murdered and his murder must be avenged for him to rest in peace. We see that the ghost is a driving force force for Hamlet on his commission to conscious maturity. There is something rotten in the State of Denmark but the something rotten exists in alone places and in all people. Anyone with intellect and a conscience would not tolerate it, as Hamlet does not by bequeathfully going into a battle at the last of the period of play wherein he knows he will be killed. Further, the ghost is just one more thing Hamlet must escape on the way to his mature self. As Harold Bloom, noted Shakespearian critic, notes about this sea-change in Hamlets character and its relation to the ghost, In Act V, Hamlet is barely still in the play like Whitmans real me or me myself the final Hamlet is both in and out of the game while watching and wondering at it. We feel that if the Ghos... ... Why, what should be the reverence? / I do not sic my life in a pins fee / And for my soul, what can it do to that, / Being a thing immortal as itself? / It waves me forth again Ill follow it (Shakespeare I.iv.151-55). Hamlet will indeed follow the Ghost and it will cost him his life, but he retains his soul because he is of the composing that cannot tolerate something rotten in Denmark or mankind. Thus, we see that the Ghost creates a tremendous impact on audiences because of its great e queryal significance in the play and in setting off the wheels of motion that seal Hamlets tragic fate. WORKS CITED Anonymous. The Ghost of Hamlets Father. Available Bloom, H. Shakespeare The Invention of the Human. New York Riverhead Books, 1998. Shakespeare, W. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1978. The Ghost of King Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature CourseworkThe Ghost of King Hamlet Many Shakespeare plays contain ghosts, perhaps most notably and most disturbingly in Macbeth and Hamlet. The ghost in Hamlet is the apparition of prince Hamlets father, the dead King Hamlet. However, up until the time w hen the ghost first appears to Hamlet, interrupting his speech and thoughts, it appears Hamlet is unaware that his father was murdered. As the ghost intones, I am thy fathers spirit, / Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, / And for the day confined to fast in fires, / Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature / Are burnt and purged away (Shakespeare I.v.9-13). While more people in Shakespeares audience were inclined to believe in the supernatural and fantastic, it is likely the appearance of the slain King still has quite an impact on modern audiences. This is because the ghost of King Hamlet tells his son he was murdered and his murder must be avenged for him to rest in peace. We see that the ghost is a driving force for Hamlet on his way to conscious maturity. There is something rotten in the State of Denmark but the something rotten exists in all places and in all people. Anyone with intellect and a conscience would not tolerate it, as Hamlet does not by willfully go ing into a battle at the end of the play wherein he knows he will be killed. Further, the ghost is just one more thing Hamlet must escape on the way to his mature self. As Harold Bloom, noted Shakespearian critic, notes about this sea-change in Hamlets character and its relation to the ghost, In Act V, Hamlet is barely still in the play like Whitmans real me or me myself the final Hamlet is both in and out of the game while watching and wondering at it. We feel that if the Ghos... ... Why, what should be the fear? / I do not set my life in a pins fee / And for my soul, what can it do to that, / Being a thing immortal as itself? / It waves me forth again Ill follow it (Shakespeare I.iv.151-55). Hamlet will indeed follow the Ghost and it will cost him his life, but he retains his soul because he is of the constitution that cannot tolerate something rotten in Denmark or mankind. Thus, we see that the Ghost creates a tremendous impact on audiences because of its great emotional signifi cance in the play and in setting off the wheels of motion that seal Hamlets tragic fate. WORKS CITED Anonymous. The Ghost of Hamlets Father. Available Bloom, H. Shakespeare The Invention of the Human. New York Riverhead Books, 1998. Shakespeare, W. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1978.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet The web today has everything at your fingertips and is a savior to any pupil trying to research a paper and is in need of information. You are able to look up any topic you want on the lucre and in seconds everything you need to loot your paper is right in front of you. There are even sites that allow students to look up their topic and let them receive papers that were already written by other student on that topic. Being able to take other peoples words and thoughts seem like the easiest way to go to the highest degree things. You dont have to do any research, you dont have to organize your thoughts, and there is no long process of sitting downcast and actually writing a paper because it is already done for you. Students who decide to plagiarize think that they are taking a short cut and determination an easier way of doing things, but really they are just getting themselves in to a whole lot of trouble. Plagiarism can be de fined as stealing and passing off ( the ideas or words of another) as your own or use someone elses production as your own. (Merriam Webster Dictionary) When someone is using information from the internet or any website, they must cite the source from which they received the information. Many teachers or professors are trained to let out plagiarism. They can detect plagiarism by looking at the format of the paper, and by reviewing the bibliography and seeing if it matches the sources referred to in the paper that the student has written. There are many sources on the internet today that allow professors to enter just a couple of words from the paper in which they suspect plagiarism and they are able to find the sites that they whitethorn have plagiarized from. Many professors have different ways in dealing with plagiarism. Some may take the paper away and give the student a zero without any explanation, while others will take more drastic measures and fail the student for the seme ster. I must admit that it is very motiveless to take other peoples words and idea and use them as your own.

Aggression in Middle School Girls Essay examples -- Personal Narrative

Aggression in Middle School Girls It was eight oclock on a cold dark in January. Our house rang with giggles and whispers and the occasional shriek of laughter. In the family room the latest teenie-bopper flick was amusing a crowd of pajama-clad seventh-graders. The sound of pounding feet from above betrayed that others were having an extemporaneous dance party/ pillow fight. The phone book was missing. My little sister, Lily, was having a sleepover. Mom had rushed to the store when it was discovered that there was no more drinking glass cream in the freezer. My father had wisely retreated to the parlor to read. I was in charge. Suddenly, from upstairs I heard a doorway slam and raise voices. I gritted my teeth and went to investigate. another(prenominal) door, further down the hall banged closed. I found Lily, standing in the middle of the hallway, one tightly shut door on her left, another on her right. The sounds of muffled sobbings came from within. Erica and Ashley wer e fighting again. Both parties were at an impasse. Lily, tired of being peacemaker, burst into tears on the floor. There was nonentity to be done Lily had been telling me the soap opera of Erica and Ashleys friendship for months. The next morning, Erica and Ashley were brushing one anothers hair, whispering about the other girls, and drinking orange juice from the same cup. The fight and its rapid treaty werent exactly new to me. Any female who has ever been in middle school or junior high can attest to the truth of the story of Erica and Ashley. But explaining the reasonings, emotions, and justification for the girls actions is much more difficult. What goes on in the twisted, inner-workings of the thirteen-year-old female capitulum? Why do girls make their friends fee... ...ion in boys- its considered natural, inherent, ingrained. What might help more than anything, however, is increased recognition that girls are not always sweet, innocent, and nice, that they do, in fact, get mad, that they can, and very often are, quite nasty towards one another.It is seven oclock on a warm July morning. I am out for a quick jog in front going to my pass job at a doctors office. As I run by my old middle school, I see that students in the summer program have already been dropped off and are milling around in the parking lot. A gaggle of twelve-year-old girls with high ponytails and higher-pitched squeals is flocked around the basketball hoop. Another clique in t-shirts and sneakers is playing tetherball. One lone girl sits on the school steps immersed in a book. A dozen heads turn and regard at me as I run by. I shudder and pick up speed.

Jurassic Park :: essays research papers

Jurassic greenness, by Michael Crichton is an incredible book, which describes genetic engineering and the creation of an extinct species. Michael Crichton uses howling(a) detail throughout the book. As great as the book is, it is not that appropriate for children who are 15 and under because of the gore, description, violence, and obscenities through out the story.Jurassic Park is a great book. Michael Crichton uses such descriptive detail, that you could picture everything that is going on like you are watching a movie. There is not one scrap of boredom in the book. Every second something new is happening or another problem in the park occurs. These things make the book very vexed to put down. Jurassic Park is a marvelous book with a great plot. Yet, later it becomes inappropriate for children. The first thing that makes Jurassic Park not appropriate for young children is that it is amazingly gory. Michael Crichton describes people and animals being killed in a very descriptiv e manner. When Dennis Nedry, the computer programmer, was on his way to the dock to deliver set dinosaurs embryos to another genetic engineering company, a concrete barrier was in his way. He got out of his car and started to run into the jungle. When he reached the jungle river, he comprehend a soft hooting cry. When he turned around, he saw a dilophasaur standing directly in front of him. Suddenly, the dilophasaur spit at him. The novel refers to this by saying, Nedryfelt an excruciating pain in his eyes, stabbing like spikes in the back of his skull. It then says, Slowly the realization came to him. He was blindThen on that point was a new searing pain like a fiery knife in his belly, and then Nedry stumbledthen there was a new pain on both sides of his head. The pain grew worse, and as he was lifted to his feet he knew the dinosaur had his head in its jaws, and the horror of that realization was followed by a final wish, that it would all be ended soon (p. 196). This demonstr ates the horrifying description in the book. Another gory scene was when Ed Regis was swallowed by the juvenile T-rex. The book describes this by saying, Regis yelled, and the juvenile ducked his head, and Regis began to scream. No words just a high pitch scream. The scream cut off abruptly, and when the juvenile lifted his head, Grant saw ragged flesh in his jaws (page 216).

Title Acceptation to the Crucible :: Essay on The Crucible

Title Acceptation of The Crucible     "A vessel of a very resolute material used for melting and calcining a substance that requires a high degree of heat." "A severe test." "A place or situation in which concentrated forces interact to cause or influence motley or development." All of these definitions lead up to one word. Crucible. Author Miller incorporates this word in his play, The Crucible. The aforementioned definitions play a large part in The Crucibles symbolism, characters, and plot.      "A place or situation . . . " is the definition mostly used in the plays plot. The change of the village is shown when Danforth states that ". . . a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This is a acuate time, now, a precise time--we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world."(94). This comment shows t hat the village has therefore gone through a change and that good and evil are, from this point forward, seen as black and white. There is a distinct separation                                                        Bremmerman 2between the two that has not been there before. The concentrated forces at the center of this change are the young girls led by Abigail Williams. The closeness of the girls is played out at the end of Act One. Abigail onsets the anarchy when she cries "I want to open myself . . . I want the light of God . . . I saw Sarah Good with the Devil I saw Goody Osbourne with the Devil I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil"(48) The other girls then mimic her cries of accusation by screaming out the names of those they had seen with the devil. With in all of these accusations the chaos begins and Salem Village will never be the same.      Among the characters in the play the most prominent meaning for crucible is "A vessel of a very refractory material . . ." After the questioning of the Proctors Reverend Hale points out to John that "no crack in a fortress may be accounted small."(67) This observation may also be made in reference to John Proctors crucible. The crack in his crucible is Abigail Williams and she will, in the end, be the reason out that Proctor can no longer take the heat. Just as a crack in a fortress will lead to the tumbling of the building a crack in a crucible will lead to an inability to contain heat.

Title Acceptation to the Crucible :: Essay on The Crucible

Title Acceptation of The Crucible     "A vessel of a in truth refractory material used for melting and calcining a substance that requires a high degree of heat." "A severe test." "A place or internet site in which concentrated forces interact to cause or influence change or development." All of these definitions take in up to one watchword. Crucible. Author Miller incorporates this word in his play, The Crucible. The aforementioned definitions play a large part in The Crucibles symbolism, characters, and plot.      "A place or situation . . . " is the definition mostly used in the plays plot. The change of the colonisation is shown when Danforth states that ". . . a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This is a sharp time, now, a precise time--we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world."(9 4). This comment shows that the village has indeed gone through a change and that good and evil are, from this point forward, seen as black and white. There is a distinct separation                                                        Bremmerman 2between the two that has not been there before. The concentrated forces at the center of this change are the young girls led by Abigail Williams. The closeness of the girls is played taboo at the end of Act One. Abigail onsets the anarchy when she cries "I want to open myself . . . I want the light of God . . . I saw Sarah Good with the get to I saw Goody Osbourne with the Devil I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil"(48) The other girls then mimic her cries of accusation by screaming out the names of those they had seen with the devil. With all of these accusations the chaos begins and Salem Village will never be the same.      Among the characters in the play the most prominent meaning for crucible is "A vessel of a very refractory material . . ." After the questioning of the Proctors Reverend Hale points out to John that "no crack in a protection may be accounted small."(67) This observation may also be made in reference to John Proctors crucible. The crack in his crucible is Abigail Williams and she will, in the end, be the reason that Proctor can no longer take the heat. Just as a crack in a fortress will lead to the tumbling of the building a crack in a crucible will lead to an inability to contain heat.

Moving towards a cashless society Essay

In history there was no money but passel utilise to evaluate commodities in pecuniary terms. People used to make trade of goods for goods that could be estimated to possess same monetary value as waved. The somebody who wanted to buy some commodity could make estimates of the commodity the seller has and compare its value in terms of worthiness to the commodity of exchange. Money was ulterior invented as a tangible form that includes written report and coin. Transactions were all handled in monetary value and different currencies were also put in dress for different nations. Different rates were also set up to be able trade efficiently on different currencies.Cash became the twenty-four hours to day ways of trading were one had to have paper money so that they could be able to acquire whatever they want. Banks were developed for easier and safe storage so that no one could get hold of in illegally. Cash or money has the following advantages like that the mode of hire is easie r and simple because no so much transactions are made. Counterfeit money is also easy to detect and systemic gambles are hardly a problem. There is no paper trail and is a peer to peer mode of payment. It also introduced lots of problem like theft and counterfeiting of paper cash.This led to the revolutionary of cashless society by introduction of cheques where people no longitudinal carry cash but writes cheques that authorizes withdrawals and payments in terms of cash. (Thorndal, 1994) Traditionally deposits have been used for payments at a outmatch. Deposits push aside be transferred in a number of ways payer initiated transfer, direct debit, standing order, check, reference card. With distance to distance payments or mode of trade the look at for are more fast and effective ways of communication and trade came into place. The introduction of ATM card was introduced by the banks to enhance trade.People no longer had to carry cash but could make withdrawals through these te ase. The electronic cash system came into place where people can buy things over the internet utilise card as a form of electronic commerce. This electronic cash system involves use of card that have been categorized as credit cards, electronic cash and smart cards. The credit cards involve creating an encrypted channel for use of cards for internet like VISA or MasterCard. Electronic cash uses curiously designed software where customer buys electronic cash for digital wallet then sends as payment to merchant.Examples are DigiCash and CyberCash. Smart cards include nexus less and swap cards like MasterCard, Visa, Quicklink, VisaCash, Protonn and Danmont. The growth of payment cards reflects their attractiveness to consumers over other forms of payment and credit. Payment cards offer consumers numerous benefits, including better management of ones expenses, improved recordkeeping, greater shopping convenience, reduction of the risk of theft, float for those who do not revolve ba lances, rewards from use of cards that are available for additional purchases, and, especially for debit cards, convenience in obtaining cash.I first discuss these benefits and then consider the benefits of payment cards when used to obtain credit. (Wallace, 1983) Payment cards throw in the towel consumers to manage their money better by making it possible to anticipate, plan, and match their obligations to their available funds. The payment cards allow consumers to smooth out unexpected expenditures such as car repairs or family emergencies . Payment cards also reduce the costs of record keeping and retaining several(prenominal) receipts.Checks also offer this advantage but payment cards do not require the additional inconvenience of recording in and then rebalance a checkbook. Payment cards can also reduce the time and transaction costs associated with shopping. Advances in technology have dramatically increased the speed of touch on card transactions which are now substantiall y faster than writing checks. If the ATM is outside of the consumers network the consumer must pay a fee to withdraw the money. In contrast transactional users of payment cards pay nothing to use their card.Transaction errors, such as receiving overly little or too much change, are also probably higher with cash than with electronic payment card transactions. Another advantage of payment cards is that payment cards can be used in a wide variety of outlets hence helping both consumers and merchants. (Krueger, 1999) Some Debit cards, PIN or online cards allow consumers to withdraw additional cash beyond the price of the purchase for which the card is used thus saving the use of ATM. Unsecured personal finance loans are expensive with much higher initiation fees than credit cards.Credit cards are attractive for consumers for both cost and convenience. General purpose credit cards have also substantially displaced retail store credit. We have also so many disfavor of using payment ca rds. One of this disadvantage in that they are risky for customers because they cay be incur fraud easily. People can use your card and pin number once cognize to withdraw or use your money. Credit cards are also expensive to acquire because they are costly. Payment cards are only welcome by registered merchants and hence are not applicable everywhere.Card users also incur high interchange fee and cost while transacting using this payment cards. (Prinz, 1999) Specific regulations need to make a cashless society of cards work smoothly. Regulation in the payment card need to be set receivable to the claim of interchange fees are too high and as a result reduces consumers to overuse payment card. Interchange fees arose from the structure of the Visa and MasterCard networks. Visa espouse a fixed interchange fee which was not linked to the merchant discount charged by individual acquirers.A uniform fee trim the transaction costs of negotiating separate interchange fees between acqui rers and issuers and eliminated the difficulties that issuers faced in monitoring in the merchant discount set by the acquirers. Visa and MasterCard trim back the interchange fees charged to supermarkets hence reducing the merchant discount. Some regulations were also imposed on regulating card frauds that many banks face. Fraud card detectors have been setup and laws governing the enactment of the card fraud have been set to punish those fraudsters.The winners of the cashless society are the consumers or users of the cards because they have been absorbed from the risk of physical theft of money. Even though there are fraudsters, the users are not exposed to so much risk of theft. Card users can in effect purchase things online regardless of the distance because all transactions are done to the and at a very high speed. The losers are the merchants or company providing this serve because the have to incur all the expenses of setting up this technology and infrastructure.Lastly the y incur the problem of making all transactions possible regardless the distance and parties involved. The merchants incur all this cost and expenses in this cashless society. (Buiter, 2005)ReferenceBuiter, W (2005) New developments in monetary economics Economic journal, Vol. 115 Thorndal, J. (1994) Prepaid cards and monetary Review Danmarks Publishers Krueger, M. (1999) Towards a Moneyless world Dept of Economics and finance University of Durham Press Prinz, A (1999) Money in the real and Virtual World Netnomics journal. Wallace, N (1983) A suggestion for oversimplifying the theory of money Economic journal

Explain the role of effective communication Essay

A common work out of communication is texting. This electronic form is implementd every day and female genital organ be used as a replacement for voice utilized conversation if the communicator is unable to speak. Another form of communication is drama. Drama is an expressive art and is very much used as a way to allow stack to express themselves emotionally in meaningful ways or to relay a message. Sign wrangle is an important form of communication as it aids communication with individuals who be unable to hear or speak. It consists of the use of the hands forming different shapes, campaigns or symbols to represent a newsworthiness or phrase and it becoming increasingly popular. In health and neighborly address, effective communication is essential and significant as it ensures that workers are doing their jobs correctly and patients are in good care. This means that workers charter to communicate with a wide range of concourse such as colleagues, professionals, workers from different agencies and patients.When communication with colleagues, health and social worker need to make sure they are being polite and respectful as not only does this build a strong workings relationship, but it is also a way of practicing how to speak to patients and others who use the services. Having a strong working relationship with colleagues ensures that health and social workers are able to harken effectively which is highly important as they will need to know and remember important information about their job and patients. It also helps to build affirm as, like with patients, workers must try to keep and respect the confidentiality of others. People who work in professions oftentimes have language communities. A language community is a professions individual form of communication that contains unique words and phrases that are particular to that profession. When health and social workers are communicating with people from different professions it is easy for t hem to misunderstand each other, there for it is important for the workers to listen carefully and check to ensure that they understood correctly to avoid and problems later on.Likewise, health and social workers also need to make sure that when they are communicating with patients and others who use the services that they are explaining themselves properly and not using their community language so the patients will understand. Also, whencommunicating with professionals from different agencies, it is important for health and social workers to be aware that not everyone is from the same language community so it is necessary to take extra care and communicate in a way that everyone will understand. There are two types of interpersonal interaction verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication most often refers to speech. People from different areas, backgrounds and professions often have different variations of speech depending on the words and phrases that they use this is known as a l anguage community. Although this brings people together, it can also shut them out and make people feel excluded.An example of this would be that health and social workers are all part of a language community however this could be a barrier to those who are not such as patients for example. In speech many people use their mother tongue or first language which is the language that they grew up knowing and speaking. However, some people are open to a second language that they may have learnt later on. Although this has its advantages, it is said that people who use their second language as opposed to those who use their first, cannot communicate their thoughts as effectively. Non-verbal communication can take many forms such as a persons posture and body language, the gestures they use, their facial expressions and their ability to listen. Through non-verbal communication, people can often tell how others are feeling, for example happy, sad or even tense. A persons body language can include their posture, proximity and movement which all send out messages. Sitting up straight can often mean a person is listening and they are attentive where as if a person was to slouch it would send out the message that they are bored or not paying attention. This is similar to other movements such as nodding your head.The way a person moves also conveys messages such as walking quickly may be recognised as stress or a lack of posture may mean a person is tired. The proximity between two people when they communicate also reveals information. If two people who are socially distant or do not have a close relationship are talking, they may stand further obscure as to be polite and not get into each other space however if two people are very close they may feel they can close the distance and be a little more intimate.

Aesthetic Values and Objects Essay

1.When looking at the differences between cultural, natural, and truly aesthetical targets, its relatively easy to define each in their own ways. Cultural objects differ from natural objects in the sense that cultural objects sustain been placed in an artistic manner by, and for the human population, whereas natural objects are in the most basic term, objects placed by nature for no other external reason. For instance, a bed of rocks laying among a path, strewn out for an artistic affect is considered a cultural object, where bedrock randomly strewn across a certain area, without being altered by a person or persons, is considered a natural object. In other words, a tree, planted and grown naturally is considered a natural aesthetic object. A table, in its own right, will be a cultural object, as it is used for mankinds benefit, and also used for artistic gist is considered cultural whereas a wooden sculpture will be considered aesthetic in its nature as a purely artistic object . What all these objects have in common is the fact that all consists out of wood, and that all evict be considered as either natural, cultural, or truly aesthetic objects.2.Aesthetics is not slow definable when looking at the diverse values that can be used to describe the object in question. There are two antithetical forms of aesthetic value namely Inherent and Consequential value.If an object has value in, and for itself, it is considered as Inherent value. Pleasure, for instance, has inherent value because please is sought in and for itself. If an object has value because of its consequences, it has consequential value. This involves anything from an action or a still-standing object meant for something. Friendship, for instance, is consequential because we value it because it a means of pleasure, and not necessarily pleasure itself.A common saying goes to each his own, and that is exactly the problem it comes down to when attempting to define the aesthetic. As explained i n study guide, whatever reason I would consider something to be evoke and beautiful could be used by some superstar else to define the exact opposite. For instance, I would say that a movies vehicle chase scenes were the scenes that do the movie as incredible as it is, but then a friend of mine wouldmention that it was those exact scenes that made the movie too dense to bare. By merely saying beauty is in the eye of the beholder one has to ask what is the exposition of beauty, and it is there where everyone else seem to have different opinions.Marcia Eaton manages to explain this point by giving the following examplesWhat a movie one car chase after some otherI know, I was bored to death.andThe lyrics were so romanticYes, thats exactly why they were so sentimental.We all have different opinions, based somewhat on the different kinds of cultural backgrounds we have, and how we were raised. This is another factor that has to be considered when we are trying to understand one-ano thers aesthetic value towards certain objects.3.Certain conditions have to be met when applying aesthetic value to certain objects. First, one has to consider if the object truly is cultural, or natural. After that has been considered, you have to think of the reason why the object in question appeals to you the way it does.The problem of defining the aesthetic is what concerns us here. Like all definitions this problem is bound with the criteria for the application of defenitions. This means specifying the conditions for when it is justified to apply the concept of aesthetic to any particular object. THL801-U/1/2008-2010A necessary condition is a condition that must be met for the concept to be applied. For example, a necessary condition for something to be a dollar is that it is an animal.A sufficient condition is a condition which, if met, alone suffices for the concept to be applied. For example, a sufficient condition for something to be an animal is that it is an animal.Som e conditions can either be necessary and sufficient, or sufficient but not necessary, or even necessary but not sufficient.In other words, the definition of a concept is to give its meaning, and to give its meaning tells us what condition the object must meet for the concept to apply to it.

Ottoman Empire Study Guide Essay

Devshirme Every 2 years or so, young Christians were taken and develop and converted to Islam. They would either be janissaries (foot soldiers) but ones with intellectual promise went to work in the government. Many became powerful. Some were slaves? Because the enslavement of the Muslims was not altogetherowed. The power was NOT heritable (like the Chinese). So the sultan surrounded himself with people who did not harbor families. Millet System Each religion had their own leader-Kept Jews and Christians happy-But they were still viewed as second class citizens.-Everyone in a Millet still had to pay taxes to Empire though.-The Christians and Jews had to pay a special tax called the Jyzia. Jyzia was expensive tax. It showed favor to the Muslims. If you converted to Islam then you would not have to pay the tax. -Jews normally had more respect for this system because they never really were respected and had a country -Muslims regarded the Christians and Jews with a sort of respect because they are all Abrahamic Religions. But they were skeptical of Christianity because of the holy trinity and they believed that that meant they were poly, not monotheistic. Sleyman Suleyman the Magnificent-10th Ottoman Sultan-Had great army-Warlike-Enforced the Law of Fratricide which was the act of kill all male relatives of the sultans so they would not over take the throne. -Was married to Hrrem (the smiling one) who was the head concubine fell in love with her. This was unmatched because by this time it was not necessary for alliances through marriage to be formed.Selim the Sot Successor of Suleyman.-Did not do much. Slacker. Preferred Eunuchs and concubines, and drank a lot Murad threesome Successor to Selim-Manipulated by mother and wife-But still had military advancesMehmet Sultan Mehmet II-Conquered Constantinoplerenamed it Istanbullargest city in Europe (700,000+ people)architecturally unbelievable (symbolized wealth and power)-Formed a navyenabled Ottomans to conque r Venice and Mediterranean Islands -Improved Armyguns + gunpowder + technical advantages-portable gunsDecline of Ottomans Inflation, created an atmosphere of bribery and corruption. Not able to pay Janissaries so they no continuing had complete power. Army became less efficient. Sultans stopped training their sons to rule so they became terrible rulers. So power went to the Janissaries and became a hereditary thing. Empire soon began to be ruled by the military.