Essay about Justice - 901 Words

Justice When the question is asked quot;Can we live in a just world?quot; In effect it is asking us a variety of things. quot;Can there be justice for all?quot; and quot;Can there be equality for all people?quot;. The answer to this question is no. Unfortunately we live in a world where justice has never really transpired. The first justice that I would like to speak about is personal justice. Blessed are those reared in a household innocence of the deadly sin of envy. Their lives will be tormented by a grinding resentment that they are not beautiful, or famous, or favored with gifts of fortune. They will not demand as a natural right or an entitlement of personal equality with everybody under the sun; nor maintain that their†¦show more content†¦I feel that would be unfair, and ignorant. The stranger should have to earn my respect, just like my parents or friends. The teachings of Marx exemplified this very wrong that I am discussing. Marx believed (if I am not mistaken)that in order to bring about equality for all, first we must find the inequality between classes and get rid of it. When this deed is performed it would in essence place everybody on the same level. This would place all people in an equality of conditi ons, where all are in the same boat. The average person would be faced with the same problems as the next. This is the type of quot;justquot; society that I do not think should exist. It is absolutely unjust. I have no doubt that when we recognize the differences between people, without being envious of their talents and gifts, we may find things that we may learn from. By doing this we not only make life more bearable by eliminating ignorance, but learning to love differences Many of the problems today are caused because people fail to see the glory in variance. This is the problem of mis-education, or lack of it. Education is also part of justice. I believe that all people (however unrealistic that this may be) whether rich or poor should be placed with an equivalence of education. The dilemma I face when making this statement is that it is contradictory to almost all that I have previously stated. If peopleShow MoreRelatedJustice And The Justice System1574 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is meant to be inherently righteous and full of integrity purposefully to maintain the equality necessary for the justice system to exist as ethical to all individuals. Justice can be defined by numerous conflicting perceptions concerning method and the severity of punishment. These disagreements in perception of what’s justice is understandable, since occasionally it’s difficult to determine what’s righteous for all parties involved in every situation. Two of the more commonly known formsRead MoreJustice Is The Standard Of True Justice1762 Words   |  8 PagesThrough the issue of labor in Bangladesh, we can easily extract a point of view, what is fairness and justice. In my opinion, according to Rawls s theory of justice, the standard of true justice, it s hard to apply to the real world. We cannot rule out the influence of the real factors. Therefore, it is more appropriate and useful to use Rawls justice as a guideline, although utterly extreme, ignoring the subject matter of man, but more meaningful. An effective solution to the issue of laborRead MoreJustice Is A Key Element Of Justice1952 Words   |  8 Pages My idea of justice has evolved in nuance d ways in which I did not predict at the onset of this course. I have held consistent the idea of creating a more equal world as a key element of justice. However, I have added important nuances in the way in which I think about and discuss this issue. I discussed equality in my initial definition of justice. This sense of equality has developed to include non-human animals and even matter into this conversation. Through Bennett I have embraced the idea ofRead MoreJustice Is The Legal Or Philosophical Theory Of Justice1503 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul. Discuss. â€Å"Justice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul† and that is simply to say that justice is identical with, or inseparable with philosophy. (Cahn, Political Philosophy, 1-136) Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul; it is to the soul as medicine preserves the health of the body. In its current and cardinal definition is a just behavior or treatment; a concern for justice, peace, andRead MoreEssay on Justice1493 Words   |  6 PagesEssay on Justice ‘Justice is such an elusive concept that it hardly seems worthwhile for a legal system to strive to achieve it’. Justice is something that we all want from a Law and believe should be an integral part in any legal system. However, the meaning of Justice is very difficult to define. There are many aspects of justice that we may question about; i.e. is a particular law just? Is the legal system just? Much of the issue of justice is very controversialRead MoreEssay Justice841 Words   |  4 Pages Justice nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Every action or decision we make is either justifiable or unjustifiable. Justice is usually decided by society or the quot;norm.quot; The quot;normquot; changes from one society to another. However, there are always laws that can be broken, consequences that must follow, and punishment that must be imparted. Justice can be seen in two different ways, social and criminal. Justice is in the eye of the beholder because we all have different attitudes aboutRead MoreThe Justice And Restorative Justice1621 Words   |  7 Pagesproviding rationale for restorative justice (337). Crimes committed by young individuals are often minor, first-time acts which can be mediated and addressed through the proactive administration of restorative rehabilitation, which often prevents recidivism. Restorative justice is a process where all parties involved in a particular offense come together in order to collectively resolve the aftermath and future implications of the specific crime (Roche 343). Restorative justice is the the ideal response forRead MoreLegal Justice And Its Drawbacks? Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesLegal justice and its drawbacks? The Merriam-Webster dictionary’s simple definition of justice is ‘1. The process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals. 2. A judge in a court of law’ (Merriam-Webster). This definition focuses solely on legal justice which is the common definition of justice. However, this definition leaves out social, moral/ethical, and vigilante justice. These subsections of justice are important as they relate to justice in an individual ratherRead MoreThe Definition of Justice Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesand the values individuals hold most important. One value looked at by Socrates and his colleagues is the principle of justice. Multiple definitions of justice are given and Socrates analyzes the merit of each. As the group defines justice they show how self-interest shapes the progression of their arguments and contributes to the definition of justice. The topic of justice first comes about through a conversation between Socrates and Cephalus. The two are reflecting upon their old age, evaluatingRead MoreJustice Is The Interest Of The Stronger1453 Words   |  6 PagesI am of the opinion that justice is indeed in the interest of the stronger; the stronger being the will of the people. Justice is in the interest of the stronger. This view, first articulated by the Ancient Greek Sophist Thrasymachus, is the subject of much debate in one of Plato’s works The Republic, found in a fictional dialogue between Thrasymachus and Socrates. In order to understand the nature of this statement it is essential to analyse the nature of justice, what is meant by â€Å"the stronger†

A Research Paper On The Construction Work - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the A Research Paper On The Construction Work. Answer: INTRODUCTION This research paper evaluates the construction of a two-storey building by outlining the process of approval and the required certificates from applications for construction approval to the construction's occupation. The numerous categories of construction approvals which are being applied in the state in question such as local, integrated, complying, and exempt are also to be discussed by nominating clearly the category in which the development would be under. The dissimilarity between the options of privately certified versus local government approvals of the state in question. The various defects shown in the photos are also to be identified as well as the impacts they have on the operation of the buildings. There is also a need to produce a schedule for construction in the format of critical path analysis and a Gantt chart. The initial planning will include the start and end dates, duration of every task, list of tasks. The standards that have been considered for the approval process and certification is Australia(James, 2014). Approval Process and Certificates Required The process of construction in Australia requires a developer to put into considerations the numerous requirements that require being fulfilled before the process of building can be undertaken. Every developer needs to diligently carry out issues that are likely to be confronted in the construction process. The different types of building approvals which are applied in Australia include: Exempt Approval: In this type of approval, there is low impact on the local government and may not require approval from Council if it attains certain standards under state environmental planning policy and state environment planning policy(Mant, 2015). Complying Approval: This is a fast-track process of approval for proposals of developments that are straightforward like new home or renovations of homes. The standards can be determined by a private or Council certifier without the need for a complete application development. Local Approval: In this type of approval, all the development requiring the Councils consent are specified under the Port Stephen Local Environment Plan of 2013. This means that in any construction, the local approval requires consent before the work is undertaken and should be lodged with the Council(Teshom, 2012). Integrated Approval: This type of approval is an approval that involves constructions situated on land identified as prone to bushfire or constructions within the roads belonging to the public. There is a requirement of an administration fee for both the maritime and roads services. In case of this development, the type of approval that this construction would fall under is local approval which can be categorized into two major sections. The certification and inspection of the project is an important phase which is required by the law that will ensure that the building is in accordance with the council regulation, Building Code of Australia, relevant Australian Standards, specifications, and approved plans, to make sure that the structural amenity, safety, health, and integrity is met (Teshom, 2012). Regulations, Local Government Approvals The initial step that is necessary for the developer to give them with registration certificates from the professionals who are registered that are charged with the supervision of building project construction. The certificates of registration include certificates from the structural and architect-engineer who are normally charged with ensuring stability and enforcing quality control of the structure during its construction. The professionals also fill a declaration of indemnity which indemnifies the authorities on any claims in the event of mishap or construction fault hence taking complete responsibility of ensuring that the construction is according to the relevant design standards and building codes(Teshom, 2012). Other documentation that requires being furnished to the authorities for approval of building processing include: Full application for approval for building permit Recent annual rates receipts The property ownership documents The major regions that the authorities charge for entails infrastructure development, site signage fees, fees for the occupational certificate, and fees for site inspection(Vandoros, 2014). Private Certified Approval For Private Certified Approval, there first step is to send the copy of details of the contact and the plans of Council plans together with supporting consent conditions to Private Certifiers Australia. The information can be sent through email of through phone call. The Private Certifiers Australia will then review the approved plans of the Council, supporting information, and consent conditions. The Private Certifiers Australia will then prepare an agreement of Consultancy to perform the roles on Principal Certifying Authority Role and the issue of a construction Certificate. The services engagement shall be through acknowledgement of the consultancy agreement and work scope as outlined. The engagement and acknowledgement are is situated on the final page of the consultancy fee submission. The Private Certifiers Australia will then issue a Construction Certificate form. Ounce Private Certifiers Australia has been reviewed, received, and verified the information submitted as conforming to the consents conditions, the Building Code of Australia and any other necessities as stipulated by the Private Certifiers Australia. The certificate of construction will then be issued to the applicant in strict accordance with the Environmental Assessment and Planning Act 1979. After the Construction Certificate has been issued to the applicant, the applicants will be required to inform the applicable the Environment Assessment and Planning Act 1979. Council of the Commencement of Building Works onsite. The certificate issued can be subjected to an alternate regulatory building approval framework under the Environmental Assessments and Planning Act 1979. Defects in the Proposed Development and how they can be impacted upon The foundation defect below is known as brick footing backfill damage. The defect is as a result of earth pressure, frost, and water. In the masonry block construction, wall or foundation cracks happen more frequently in the joints of the motor, however, may also happen through and across the blocks themselves. The defect above can be prevented by not exceeding the pressure limits of the building which may cause the footing to crack. Floods passing below the footing level can also cause this defect since the running water will weaken the footing by washing away the components that strengthen the wall. This defect can be prevented by making the footing to be strong enough to withstand pressure and water from outside(Vandoros, 2014). The construction defect shown in the figure below is known as vertical cracking. The vertical cracking occurs due to shrinkage and expansion of concrete blocks. The cracks in the construction walls tend to be more serious on the walls of the centre from the external pressure and loading. The defect of the wall takes place during settlement of foundation. Weak foundation is normally caused by wrong ration of mixture of the concrete, water, and sand(Vandoros, 2014). The defect below is known as Diagonal Cracks and occurs in footing as well as the block wall. The diagonal crack can appear in numerous structural components and materials and it indicates the actual differential settlement or vertical movement in the structure. The defect is caused by a sinkhole near or under the footing and also occasionally frost heaves(Silva, 2013). List of Tasks for Project 1 Task Duration (Days) Start General Requirement 4 01/01/2018 Site Preparation 2 Concrete Construction 3 Brick and Block Construction 6 Installation 3 Roofing 4 Cladding 2 Doors and Windows 2 Block and Tile Finishes 3 Painting 4 Timber Fixtures 3 Electrical and Mechanical installation 3 Fences and External Walls 4 Landscaping 2 02/12/2017 Critical Path Analysis After laying out the list of tasks, the correct activities sequence and network diagram would look like the figure below before the calculation of the earliest start time and latest finish time for every activity(Vandoros, 2014). The next step is to determine the earliest start time for every activity in the list of tasks above. The remaining earliest start time may be added to the diagram of the network as shown below: The latest finish time portrays the latest time an activity must be finished by evading delay to the project(James, 2014). The latest finish time is determined by observing the right to left on the network diagram as shown below: Gantt chart The Gantt chart which will be utilized by the research team during the period research is as shown in the figure below: Conclusion This research paper is about construction work and plan building. The approval process and certificates required for the construction of the building in question have been discussed according to the regulations of Australia. The different types of building approvals namely local, integrated, complying, exempt, and NSW have been discussed in this paper. The two major areas of involvement in approvals while constructing the building below in Australia is through seeking approvals from the National Construction Code and from the municipal councils. A municipal council is an option of local government in Australia while National Construction Code is a privately certified approval. The various types of defects that can occur in the walls and foundation of a building include vertical failure, horizontal failure, and block foundation backfill damage. Bibliography James, K., 2014. Critical-Path Planning and Scheduling. Melbourne: Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference. Mant, J., 2015. Observations on NSW Land Use Planning and Regulations. Sidney: IEEE. Silva, V., 2013. Defects of No-Loadbearing Masonry Walls Due to Partial Basal Supports. Moscow: Journal of Construction and Building Materials. Thom, T., 2012. Durability Problems of 20th Century Reinforced Concrete Heritage Structures and Their Restorations. Michigan: Technical University of Catalonia. Vandoros, K., 2014. Concrete jacket construction detail effectiveness when strengthening RC columns, Construction and Building Materials. Perth: Gale Art and Engineering Lite Package.

Ceremony Essays (551 words) - English Culture, English Language

Ceremony The ceremonies allowed Tayo to see that he was not alone and though he did go to war and began to mix with the white culture he did not abandon his people. Because it is the people that you love that you can never abandon because they will always be there for you no matter what. The book I decided to research was the Professor and the Madman by Simon Winchester is a story about a man with much greater knowledge and wisdom than the average human being, but is so mentally devastated by a particular event in his WWII deployment, that he begins to fall out of place. William Chester Minor has a PhD and is a very American-like hero being in the War and serving his country. Doing a good deed is well in his nature as if he was made to do it, but he is broken down piece by piece. Minor had to brand one of his own soldiers for fleeing the battle field, and ever since that very day, Dr. Minor would never be the same man he once was. He lost all hope in himself. He began to feel like the world was out to get him, along with the Irishman that probably wanted to kill him. Minor had terrifying night terrors along with very intense paranoia. Not knowing if this man would ever be back to normal, the world gave him one more chance. He was able to contribute a huge amount of intelligence to the OED (Oxford English Dictionary). The woes began shortly after his departure from the battle field, and into the real world, where he would find out that he couldnt get away with murder, literally. Dr. Minor was a very bright man with a well centered head on his shoulders. Maybe that was all too good to be true after he murdered a man in the midst of night. People began to talk, but nobody really knew for sure. Why did Dr. minor shoot a man he had no relation to or sympathy for? What could drive a man that far to go out of his way to put himself in prison for the rest of his days on this planet? Baffling in all aspects, the doctors treating Dr. Minor were drawn to the conclusion that he was PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder). When they began to analyze and speculate why Minor killed the innocent man, talking to Minor would be the easiest thing. He was like an open book, any question they asked, he had a very thorough answer to it. Minor began to talk about his time in the War, and thats when he himself realized what he had done, and exactly why he did it in the first place. Minor was having recollection of the Irishman who he branded, and he was so traumatized with that part icular event, that it drove him so insanely mad, he took an innocent mans life because of his fright. The years he would not get back, stuck inside an insane asylum, he would have plenty of time on his hands to think over what he had done, though he didnt feel much emotion at all. When minor got a phone call from the publishers of the OED, he was baffled.

Struggles Of The Oppressed Woman Essays - Computer Access Control

Struggles Of The Oppressed Woman Essays - Computer Access Control Struggles of the Oppressed Woman Throughout history, society has constantly oppressed woman, making it harder for her to achieve what it is that she so desires. In modern day society, a female has to work twice as hard as a male does to reach the same desired goal. Stemming from our ancestor?s beliefs and morals that women belong in the home, these two compositions, written by Amy Tan and Lynn Bloom, illustrate these beliefs concerning the roles of the women in society. In both cases, the women involved write of their struggles and the ways in which each overcame them. Women are highly outnumbered as, professors governmental figures, doctors and many other prestigious positions. This fact alone exemplifies the struggles of a woman in society. Though the goals, the obstacles, and the situations were all different, the beliefs reflected by each author are very much alike. Amy Tan?s, The Red Candle, is the story of Amy?s upbringing, mainly concerning her marriage. In Taiyuanese society, women do not have much freedom concerning how they live. Having no control over the process of selecting a husband, Tan?s future husband is chosen at the age of two. Living in the strict Taiyuanese society, her life was carved in stone at an extremely early age. In her early years, all thoughts and actions were directed to the development of a good wife for her future husband. A contract was made, between the Tan?s and the Huangs, concerning the future of their children. Tyan-yu, Tan?s future husband, would have all of the power in the marriage, leaving Tan nothing but orders. How would a woman be able to live a life, which she has no control over? Being oppressed by her own society, how would Tan strive to gain control of her life? The one privilege that she desires is to have the control to gain what she wants and likes. These simple desires are exactly what Lynn Z. Bloom strives for also. Lynn Z. Bloom?s auto-biographical composition, Teaching College English As A Woman, reflects being a female college professor and the struggles that come with the task. Like Tan, Bloom was constantly rejected and oppressed while trying to attain what she desired. She had many obstacles to overcome in order to reach her goal of becoming a full time successful college professor. Knowing that she was well qualified and deserved certain positions, she fought back and ultimately overcame these obstacles, just as Tan. Amy Tan and Lynn Bloom were from totally different backrounds and had totally different goals to achieve. Though, almost every aspect of their lives was different they both had the same types of problems to overcome. The problems that they faced were many, but the one that they had in common was that of oppression. Being oppressed by their peers played integral parts in both of their lives. First starting when she was a baby, Tan experienced oppression her whole life. Never able to make her own decisions, having her life planned, without any consent, and being treated as a slave by the Huangs, were some of the reasons that Tan felt she had to overcome this oppression that imprisoned her. This imprisonment denied her of the person she wanted to be. Bloom experienced this same type of oppression, but on a much lower scale, in her quest of becoming a college English professor. Once earning her position of Teacher Assistant she came to realize that teaching as a woman has many disadvantages. She was often rejected from jobs that she knew she was qualified for, and even those that she landed had very tight restrictions. There are similarities in the restrictions that Bloom faced and the restrictions that Tan faced. Tan was allowed certain actions while other actions were not allowed; as is the case with Bloom, she was not allowed to voice her own opinion in her class, partly because she was a woman. Bloom talks about ?her voice? that she always ignored. She just accepted the way things were. Tan also accepted the way things were, never making what she knew was the right choice. Tan and Bloom were very much alike in that they were afraid of their superiors. They both thought they had no rights to act on their own and do as they feel. The two were also alike in the fact that they developed, over time, a very strong personality which helped them achieve their goals. Bloom had a demeaning, one sentence written recommendation, that she

Finance Assignment Wal-Mart Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance Wal-Mart - Assignment Example Walmart operates in Mexico with its first overseas store being a Sam’s Club situated in Mexico City in 1991. In Mexico, there are 2,290 retail stores as of 2015 with 251 Walmart Supercenters, and 160 Sam’s Clubs. By January 2014, Walmart had 209,878 employees in its Mexican stores, clubs, and retails (n.d.). a) Walmart’s annual report for the financial year that ended 2014 addresses foreign exchange risk management in the section â€Å"Foreign Currency Risk† (Walmart 31). This segment argues that Walmart is susceptible to variations in the value of foreign currency because of its â€Å"net investments and operations in nations other than the United States† (31). c) The type of currency exposure that Walmart hedges is instabilities in overseas currency exchange rates. This type of exposure is related often to the predicted outflows of â€Å"principal and interest of non-US denominated debt† (31). d) One hedging techniques used by Walmart is taking part in currency swaps and labeling particular overseas-currency denominated, longstanding debt as â€Å"net investment hedges† (31). Another technique is labeling overseas-currency denominated, longstanding debt as â€Å"nonderivative hedges of net investments† of particular overseas activities (32). Nigeria seems to be the biggest concern in terms of currency volatility and country risk. Today, political views and policies are dependent on key deviation in policy course provide the personality-oriented characteristic of Nigerian political affairs. In 2015, currency matters will be the focus of the Central Bank of Nigeria (BMI Research 2015). After the aggressive tightening of monetary measures in November 2014, the Central Bank of Nigeria may find it essential to add tightening courses of action in an attempt to anchor inflation anticipations and calm nervous markets. These tightening courses of action make up the leading cause of currency issues in Nigeria for Walmart (2015).

The ownership of risk in Projects in the Gulf Cooperation Council Essay

The ownership of risk in Projects in the Gulf Cooperation Council region - Essay Example It is, however, not the case the pattern and the extent of this real estate boom is similar in case of all the countries in the GCC region, but the interesting thing is that market characteristics, outlook and environment of investment in most of the GCC countries are pointing towards the continuation of this current boom for some time in future. The ongoing boom in real estate sector of is not only significant for the growth of construction sector of this region, but also to the development of overall economy as construction sector is one of the most important economic sector of the region which significantly contributed to the GDP of this area. Given the importance of this sector to the overall economic conditions of the countries in GCC, it is very much important that the current pace is maintained in future also. In order to ensure that the real sector of GCC is growing at a rapid pace in coming years also, it is essential to manage the ongoing and upcoming investment projects in this sector very efficiently so that these projects could deliver desirable output. As far as project management in construction sector is concerned, it is not an easy task to perform by the project managers. This is because investments in construction sectors are exposed to a large set of risks. Hence, in order to ensure efficient management of the investment projects, it is first necessary to conduct efficient management of the risks associated with real estate projects. Project management is generally considered to be a complicated task which requires an efficient combination of knowledge, appropriate techniques and skills to be applied to the project related activities so that the expectations and demands of the shareholders from a particular project can be met adequately. Project risk management is a very crucial part of project management. In case of managing project risk efficiently, managers are required to identify and analyze various sorts of risks associated

Four Basic Topologies Network And Summarize

Four Basic Topologies Network And Summarize Nowadays, there have several types of network topologies with different characteristic, price and level, it was very important to choose a suitable network. Now we are going to discuss four basic network topologies : Bus, Ring, Star and Mesh. Lets discuss bus topologies first, bus network topologies is a single cable which use to connect to different points between network, as it only have one channel to support the bus network for communication, so the total capacity will send to all the points averagely. When a point want to send instructions to another point, it will announce a message to all the points thru wire and all the points will see it but only the destination point will receive and return the message to the sender point, other points will not give any response. Bus network topologies are cheaper than other network topologies because it use less cable and materie and also the installation is easier than other topologies. But because it is a single cable, when there have many points connect to the device, it will slow down the transmission speed and the total capacity. On the other hand, once the network have problem, it cost many times to fix it as you have to check all the cable connection to find out the problems. Also in a bus topology, once a single connection failure, it will stop the passage between all points. (The image of the About.com guide) Second topologies which we are going to discuss is Ring topology. In a ring network, each apparatus connected to two users for communication purpose. It looks like a circle and the message move around the circle to each point use single direction. Each node connect to its own cable to the Medium Attachment Unit (MAU). Ring network topology is easy to install and reconfigure and also easy to add new node as only two connections need changes. However, Ring network is not too convenience for the user as the data have to pass through all the points before getting to the destination. For example, if one network have six user, when the A computer want to send message to F computer, it have to pass through B, C, D, E computer and then to F. And if one network failure, whole network will disable because it only have single pathway to transmit the data. (The image of the About.com guide ) The third network topology is Star. Star network is one of the most usual computer network topologies. It features a central connection point call hub or concentrator (Bruce A Hallberg 2005) and it will radiate to other points. The characteristic of Star network is the hub or concentrator work as a central union to provide different route for signal send out to any two sites. Data on star network will send the message to hub or concentrator first before send to the destination point. Hub or concentrator works like a repeater for the data flow. In the star network topology, if one connection stoppage, only one node will lose the connection from this site and it wont be affect to other networks. On the other hand, it will be easy to find out the problem as all network is obey to hub, so once the network out of service, mostly it must be some problem with the hub and the problem can be fix quickly instead of checking all the points. Furthermore, as hub is control everything included add or remove devices, that means Star network is easy to install. If you want to add some new devices to the network, just need to connect the cable to hub and other computer will detect the devices and can use it. It save lots times to install the devices to all computers separately in the network. Moreover, hub can also be act as a backup file, once the network is not work, you can move to another computer and using the data from hub. Although star network is more stable than other network topology, but star network is more expensive as it needs more wires to support the network. And because it is fully obey to hub, once there have many nodes, the network maybe slow down. (The image of the Florida Center for Instructional Technology College of Education, University of South Florid 1997.) Last network topology we have to share is Mesh. Mesh network is a network where all the nodes connected to each other with different ways, maybe single hop or multiple hops. In a mesh network, if one node or cable have problem occur, there will have another way to communicate with other node, it wont be halt the whole network. Mesh network will also default the short way automatically while the message moving on the mesh network, that means the data no need to pass through all the points before reach to destination, it save many times for transaction the data. Mesh network is a network which is not easy to interruption by connection problem as there have many possible patterns that can use. When one node failure to connect, mesh network will find another way to reach the destination easily. Mesh network separate to two similar types: Full mesh and Partial mesh. Full mesh which every node will connect to each other so the network can provide best redundancy function. Once one of the nodes breakdowns, connection between the networks will be stronger under full mesh network because there have more possible route to reach to destination. Because of more wires need, so full mesh network is expensive than partial mesh network and it may also affect the set up procedure because of the complexity. For the economical reasons, some of the company will prefer to use the partial mesh network. In partial mesh network, devices are only connects to a subsection node instead of all nodes. This may affect the entire network once the connection have problem because it only have one or two ways to reach the destination point. Although the communication between the networks is not as strong as full mesh network, but the cost is cheaper than it, so nowadays partial mesh network is more popular than full mesh network. (The image of the network dictionary 2004) Physical communication media is a path that can let the electronic data move from one computer to another. And now will going to describe different physical communication media, for example Twisted-Pair cable, Coaxial Cable and Fiber-optic cable. The first cable we are going to talk about is Twisted-Pair cable. Twisted-pair cable which can be subdivided as unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP) (Bruce A Hallberg 2005). Both UTP and STP have eight separate brown metal wires and cover by insulate material. Besides, each pair of wires was wound to each other. UTP and STP not only have similar structure and also have similar transmission technology. Even though STP has a better protection interface and quality than UTP, but it cost more expensive and not easy to install. Using Twisted-pair cables advantage is its size is smaller than others so that it will easy to install and it cost cheaper than Coaxial cable and Fiber-optic cable. On the other hand, the transmission signal is shorter than other communication media and the coverage area is only 100 meters. Another cable we are going to talk about is Coaxial Cable. Coaxial cable is cover by 4 layers: copper wire, insulation, copper mesh and cable jacket. Coaxial cable can aid 10-100 Mbps and it coverage 500 meters. (Scribd n.d.) The advantage of Coaxial Cable is it can run for a long distance between network but use less power. The cost of Coaxial cable is cheaper than Fiber-optic cable and because of it use for many years, so it will be more popular. However, the size of Coaxial Cable not as thin as Twisted-pair cable, so it will be difficult to install and relatively the set up fee will be higher than Twisted-pair cable. The last one we have to talk about is Fiber-Optic cable. Fiber-Optic cable is made by narrow core and insulates material. It use the lights to transmission the date. Most of the corporate network will use Fiber-optic cable as back bones to connect different network. The advantage of Fiber-optic cable is it has a higher data speed and the higher bandwidth is good for future development. But Fiber-optic cable is not quite flexible as it cannot curve, so it will be more difficult to install and the cost is the most expensive one. Different computers have its own different purpose, we are going to compare Microcomputers, Laptop computers, Minicomputers, Mainframe computers and Supercomputers size, speed, processing capabilities, price and how many users can use at the same time. Types of computers Microcomputers Laptop computers Minicomputers Mainframe computers Supercomputer Size Fits on desk Small and conveyable Size in between microcomputers and mainframe computers Partial room of apparatus Full room of apparatus Speed Up to 400 million Up to 400 million Thousands to millions Millions Millions to billions Processing capabilities Word process Surfing the web Database management Calculations Email function Word process Surfing the web Database management Calculations Email function Web surfing Check email Basic productivity software (Daniel J.Gansle,2010) Processing data quickly and information storage, mostly using on airline system, back or insurance company. Process very large amounts of date, such as weather forecasting and government. Price of computers From $2500 up to $17000 From $2500-up to $23000 From $5000-$15000 $300,000- several million dollars Several million dollars and up Simultaneously connected users For individual use only For individual use only Two to four thousand Hundred to thousand Hundred to thousand